1. Zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvekucheka kucheka zvimwe zvinhu
(1) Kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kushomeka kwekudzivirira: Pasi pekushisa kwakajairika, chikamu chekucheka chechinhu chinofanira kunge chine kuomarara kwakakwana kucheka mukati mechishandiso;nekukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana, chishandiso hachizopfeki uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa.
(2) Kupisa kwakanaka kwekupisa: Chishandiso chichaunza kupisa kwakawanda panguva yekucheka, kunyanya kana kukurumidza kwekucheka kwakakwira, kutonhora kuchave kwakanyanya.Naizvozvo, mudziyo wekushandisa unofanirwa kuve wakanaka kupisa kupisa, kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya.Inogona kuramba yakaomarara uye inogona kuramba ichicheka.Iyi pfuma yekuoma kwekushisa kwepamusoro inonziwo kuomarara kunopisa kana kuomarara kwakatsvuka.
(3) Kusimba kwepamusoro uye kusimba kwakanaka: Panguva yekucheka, chishandiso chinofanirwa kumirisana nekukanganisa kukuru, saka chishandiso chinofanira kunge chine simba rakawanda, zvikasadaro zviri nyore kutyora uye kukanganisa.Nekuti chinocheka chigayo chinoenderana nekukanganiswa uye kuzunguzika, iyo yekugayo yekucheka zvinhu inofanirwawo kuve nekusimba kwakanaka kuitira kuti zvisave nyore chip uye chip.
2. Zvishandiso zvinowanzo shandiswa zvekucheka zvigayo
(1) High-speed tool simbi (inonzi high-speed simbi, mberi simbi, etc.), yakakamurwa kuva general-chinangwa uye yakakosha-chinangwa chepamusoro-speed simbi.Ine zvinotevera maitiro:
a.Izvo zviri mukati me alloying element tungsten, chromium, molybdenum uye vanadium zvakati wandei, uye kuoma kwekudzima kunogona kusvika HRC62-70.Pa 6000C tembiricha yakakwira, inogona kuramba yakaomarara.
b.Iyo yekucheka ine simba rakanaka uye kuoma, yakasimba vibration kuramba, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi ane general yekucheka kumhanya.Pamaturusi emuchina asina kusimba, macheki esimbi anomhanya-mhanya anogona kutemwa zvakanaka
c.Kuita kwakanaka kwemaitiro, kuumba, kugadzirisa uye kurodza zviri nyore, uye maturusi ane maumbirwo akaomarara anogonawo kugadzirwa.
d.Zvichienzaniswa necemented carbide zvinhu, ichiri neyakaipira yekuomarara kwepasi, kuomarara kwakatsvuka uye kusagadzikana kwekupfeka.
(2) Cemented carbide: Yakagadzirwa nesimbi carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide uye cobalt-based metal binder kuburikidza nehupfu metallurgical process.Hunhu hwayo hukuru ndeiyi:
Inogona kumira tembiricha yakakwira, uye inogona kuramba ichiita yakanaka yekucheka panenge 800-10000C.Paunenge uchicheka, kasi yekucheka inogona kuva 4-8 nguva yakakwirira kudarika yesimbi yakakwirira.Kuoma kwepamusoro pakupisa kwekamuri uye kunaka kupfeka kusagadzikana.Simba rekukotama rakaderera, kusimba kwesimba kwakashata, uye blade haisi nyore kurodza.
Inowanzo shandiswa cemented carbides inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:
① Tungsten-cobalt simende carbide (YG)
Anowanzo shandiswa mamakisi YG3, YG6, YG8, uko manhamba anoratidza chikamu checobalt zvemukati, iyo yakawanda cobalt yemukati, zviri nani kuomarara, iyo yakanyanya kukanganisa uye kuramba vibration, asi inoderedza kuoma uye kupfeka kuramba.Naizvozvo, iyo alloy yakakodzera kucheka simbi yakakandwa uye isiri-ferrous simbi, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa kucheka rough uye yakaomeswa simbi uye Stainless simbi zvikamu zvine yakakwirira simba.
② Titanium-cobalt simende carbide (YT)
Magiredhi anowanzo shandiswa iYT5, YT15, YT30, uye manhamba anoratidza huwandu hwetitanium carbide.Mushure mesimende carbide ine titanium carbide, inogona kuwedzera tembiricha yesimbi yesimbi, kuderedza friction coefficient, uye kuwedzera zvishoma kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba, asi inoderedza kukombama uye kusimba uye inoita kuti zvimiro zvipere.Nokudaro, makirasi eClass alloys akakodzera kucheka zvikamu zvesimbi.
③ General simende carbide
Wedzera yakakodzera huwandu hweasingawanzo simbi carbides, senge tantalum carbide uye niobium carbide, kune maviri ari pamusoro akaoma alloys kunatsiridza zviyo zvavo uye kuvandudza yavo tembiricha yekamuri uye yakanyanya tembiricha kuoma, kupfeka kuramba, bonding tembiricha uye oxidation kuramba, Inogona kuwedzera kuomarara. ye alloy.Naizvozvo, iyi mhando yecemented carbide banga ine zvirinani yakazara yekucheka kuita uye kuita zvakasiyana.Mhando dzayo ndeidzi: YW1, YW2 uye YA6, nezvimwewo, nekuda kwemutengo wayo unodhura, inonyanya kushandiswa kunetsa Kugadzirisa zvinhu, sesimbi yakasimba-yakasimba, simbi inodzivirira kupisa, simbi isina tsvina, nezvimwe.
3. Mhando dzekucheka milling
(1) Zvinoenderana nemidziyo yechikamu chekucheka chegayo chekucheka:
a.High-speed steel milling cutter: Iri rudzi rinoshandiswa kune mamwe akaomarara anocheka.
b.Carbide milling cutters: anonyanya kusungirirwa kana kusungirirwa nemuchina kune anocheka muviri.
(2) Zvinoenderana nechinangwa chekucheka milling:
a.Milling cutters yekugadzira ndege: cylindrical milling cutters, end milling cutters, nezvimwe.
b.Milling cutters yekugadzira grooves (kana nhanho matafura): kupera zvigayo, disc milling cutters, saw blade milling cutters, nezvimwe.
c.Kugaya kucheka kweakasarudzika-akaumbwa nzvimbo: kugadzira milling cutters, nezvimwe.
(3) Zvinoenderana nechimiro chemucheki wekugaya
a.Yakapinza mazino kugaya cutter: Iyo yakachekwa-yekubvisa chimiro chezino kumashure chakatwasuka kana kutyoka, chiri nyore kugadzira uye kupinza, uye kuchekwa kunopinza.
b.Relief zino milling cutter: iyo yekucheka-kubvisa chimiro chezino kumashure ndeye Archimedes spiral.Mushure mekurodza, chero bedzi iyo angle angle inoramba isingachinji, iyo mazino profiles haishanduki, iyo yakakodzera kuumba milling cutters.
4. Iyo huru geometric parameters uye mabasa echigayo chekucheka
(1) Zita rechikamu chimwe nechimwe cheguyo
① Ndege yepasi: Ndege inopfuura nepapi nepapi painochekwa uye yakatarisana nekumhanya kwekucheka kweiyo poindi.
② Kucheka ndege: ndege inopfuura nepakati pekucheka uye perpendicular kune iyo base plane.
③ Rake chiso: ndege iyo machipisi anoyerera achibuda.
④ Flank pamusoro: nzvimbo yakatarisana neyakagadzirwa pamusoro
(2) Iyo huru geometric angle uye basa recylindrical milling cutter
① Rake angle γ0: Iyo inosanganisirwa kona pakati pechiso cheraki nepasi pepasi.Iro basa nderekuita kuti kuchekwa kuve kwakapinza, kuderedza simbi deformation panguva yekucheka, uye nyore kuburitsa machipisi, nekudaro kuchengetedza basa mukucheka.
② Relief angle α0: Iyo inosanganisirwa kona pakati penzvimbo yeflank uye ndege yekucheka.Basa rayo guru nderokuderedza kukakavara pakati pechiso cheflank uye ndege yekucheka uye kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro kwe workpiece.
③ Swivel angle 0: Iko kona iri pakati pe tangent pane helical zino blade uye axis yeguyo rekucheka.Basa racho nderokuita mazino ekucheka zvishoma nezvishoma mukati uye kure neworkpiece, uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwekucheka.Panguva imwecheteyo, kune cylindrical milling cutters, inewo mhedzisiro yekuita machipisi kuti abude zvakanaka kubva kumagumo kumeso.
(3) Iyo huru geometric angle uye basa rekupedzisira guyo
Chigayo chekupedzisira chine chimwe chechipiri chekucheka mupendero, saka mukuwedzera kune rake angle uye kona yekuyamura, kune:
① Kupinda kona Kr: Iyo inosanganisirwa kona pakati peiyo huru yekucheka mupendero uye iyo yakagadzirwa nemichina.Shanduko inokanganisa kureba kweiyo huru yekucheka kumucheto kuti utore chikamu mukucheka, uye inoshandura hupamhi nekukora kwechip.
② Sekondari deflection angle Krˊ: Iyo inosanganisirwa kona pakati peyechipiri yekucheka kumucheto uye iyo yakagadzirwa nemichina.Basa racho nderokudzikisa kupokana pakati peyechipiri yekucheka kumucheto uye yakashongedzwa pamusoro, uye inokanganisa kugadzirwa kweyechipiri yekucheka mupendero pane iyo machined surface.
③ Blade inclination λs: Iyo inosanganisirwa kona pakati peiyo huru yekucheka kumucheto uye nepasi pepamusoro.Kunyanya kutamba basa re oblique blade kucheka.
5. Kugadzira cutter
Iyo yekuumba milling cutter ndeye yakakosha milling cutter inoshandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo yekuumba.Yayo blade mbiri inoda kugadzirwa uye kuverengerwa zvinoenderana neprofile yeworkpiece kuti igadziriswe.Inogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzakaomarara pamuchina wekugaya-chinangwa, ichiona kuti chimiro chakafanana, uye kushanda kwacho kwakakwira., Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira batch uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda.
(1) Kugadzira kucheka kucheka kunogona kupatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: mazino akanongedza uye mazino ekuyamura
Kugaya uye kugayazve kwemazino anopinza kugadzira milling cutter kunoda hunyanzvi hwakakosha, izvo zvakaoma kugadzira nekurodza.Zino kuseri kwefoshoro zino profile milling cutter rinogadzirwa nefoshoro nefoshoro kukuya pamushonga wemazino wefoshoro.Chiso cherake chete chinorodzwa panguva yekukuya zvakare.Nekuda kwekuti raki face yakati sandara, zviri nyore kurodza.Parizvino, iyo yekugadzira milling cutter inonyanya kushandisa foshoro Zino kumashure chimiro.Zino kuseri kwezino rekudzikinura rinofanira kusangana nemamiriro maviri: ① Chimiro chekucheka chekucheka chinoramba chisina kuchinjwa mushure mekudzorerazve;②Tora inodiwa kona yekuyamura.
(2) Zino kumashure curve uye equation
Chikamu chekupedzisira perpendicular kune axis yeguyo yekucheka inoitwa kuburikidza chero ipi zvayo pamucheto wekucheka wekucheka kwekucheka.Mutsetse wemharadzano uri pakati pawo nechekuseri kwezino unonzi zino kumashure curve yeguyo.
Iro zino rekumashure curve rinofanira kunyanya kusangana nemamiriro maviri: imwe ndeyekuti kona yekuyamura yekucheka kwekucheka mushure mekugadzirisa kwega kwega hakuna kuchinjwa;imwe yacho ndeyokuti iri nyore kugadzira.
Iyo chete curve inogona kugutsa iyo inogara clearance angle ndiyo logarithmic spiral, asi yakaoma kugadzira.Iyo Archimedes spiral inogona kugutsa chinodikanwa chekuti angle yekubvisa haina kuchinjika, uye iri nyore kugadzira uye nyore kuona.Naizvozvo, Archimedes spiral inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira sechimiro chezino rekumashure curve yekucheka milling.
Kubva paruzivo rwe geometry, vheji radius ρ kukosha kwechimwe nechimwe paArchimedes spiral inowedzera kana kuderera zvakaenzana nekuwedzera kana kuderera kwekona yekutendeuka θ yevheji redhiyo.
Naizvozvo, chero bedzi musanganiswa wenguva dzose velocity kutenderera kutenderera uye inogara ichimhanya mutsara mutsara wekufamba uchitevedza radius nzira, Archimedes spiral inogona kuwanikwa.
Inoratidzwa mumativi enzvimbo: apo θ=00, ρ=R, (R iri radius yeguyo), apo θ>00, ρ
Iyo general equation yekuseri kweguyo inocheka ndeiyi: ρ=R-CQ
Tichifunga kuti blade haidzokeri shure, ipapo nguva imwe neimwe mucheki weguyo paanotenderera inter-zino angle ε = 2π/z, zino rezino ndiro K. Kuti zvienderane neizvi, kukwidziridzwa kwecam kunofanirawo kuva K. Kuti iite kuti blade ifambe nekukurumidza, iyo curve pacam inofanira kunge iri Archimedes spiral, saka zviri nyore kugadzira.Mukuwedzera, saizi yekamera inongotarirwa nefoshoro yekutengesa K kukosha, uye haina hukama nehuwandu hwemazino uye angle yekuchenesa yekucheka dhayamita.Chero bedzi kugadzirwa uye kutengesa zvakaenzana, kamera inogona kushandiswa pasi rose.Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakare nei Archimedes spirals ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumashure mazino ekuzorodza mazino achigadzira milling cutters.
Kana iyo radius R yekucheka milling uye huwandu hwekucheka K hunozivikanwa, C inogona kuwanikwa:
Kana θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Zvadaro RK=R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. Phenomena ichaitika mushure mekunge mucheki weguyo wapfuura
(1) Tichitarisa kubva pachimiro chemachipisi, machipisi anove akakora uye anoputika.Sezvo tembiricha yemachipisi ichikwira, ruvara rwemachipisi rwunova rwepepuru uye rwunoputa.
(2) Kushata kwenzvimbo yakagadziridzwa yeworkpiece yakashata kwazvo, uye pane mavara akajeka pamusoro peiyo workpiece ine mavanga ekuruma kana ripples.
(3) Kugayo kunoburitsa kuzunguzika kwakanyanya uye ruzha rusina kujairika.
(4) Tichitarisa kubva pachimiro chemupendero webanga, pane mavara machena anopenya pamucheto webanga.
(5) Paunenge uchishandisa simende zvigayo zvecarbide kukuya masimbi, mhute yakawanda yemoto inowanzobhururuka kunze.
(6) Masimbi ekukuya ane simbi anocheka-kumhanya, semafuta ekuzora nekutonhodza, anoburitsa hutsi hwakawanda.
Kana iyo milling cutter ikapfuura, iwe unofanirwa kumira uye kutarisa kupfeka kwechigayo chekucheka nenguva.Kana kupfeka kuri kudiki, unogona kurodza kucheka neoiri uye wozoishandisa;kana mapfekero acho achirema, unofanira kurodza kudzivirira kusakara kwakanyanyisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-23-2021